Several people here and on a few message boards have pointed out that this particular problem is a lot less straight-forward than I had initially hoped. Even still, I think I want to play around with it a bit and see what there is to see.
Here's a couple of links to some software that other people/companies have developed that attempt something similar.
Celemony
Antares
Audio to MIDI conversions
Here's a couple of links to some software that other people/companies have developed that attempt something similar.
Celemony
Antares
Audio to MIDI conversions